chronology
by Olivier Philipponnat
1847
Birth Odessa of Jonas Margoulis, nicknamed Iona. Maternal grandfather of Ir ne N mirovsky. He was the only one who spoke perfectly French. He said: "My little queue" by strongly pressing the last syllable thus transformed e.
(Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
1854
Birth Ekaterinoslav of Rosa Chtchedrovitch, known as Bella , his maternal grandfather. Poor woman, small, slim, thin [.] a face as faint as an old photograph, her features blurred, yellowed, of lay in tears.
(Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
1868
September 1st - Birth of Leonid Borisovich N mirovsky, nicknamed the Arab, like Pushkin, because of his complexion: his daughter Ir ne N mirovsky h will write his h le.
1875
Birth of Anna Margoulis, her mother, who will be called Fanny or Jeanne, the French one, and will have her civil status changed to be twelve years younger. I find very well the image of my mother. As it is the that, until now, I cannot write this word without hatred. (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC).
1902
Marriage of Anna Margoulis and Leonid N mirovsky.
1903
11 f vrier - Birth of Irina Irma N mirovsky Kiev, only daughter of Leonid N mirovsky and Anna Margoulis. She is nicknamed Irotchka, or Irinouchka. A French governess from about fifty years ago, Z zelle, will be responsible for her education: In my childhood, she felt the refuge, the light. [ ] I really loved her only in the world. (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
1905
17 October - Following the revolutionary days, Nicholas II publishes the Manifesto that institutes the Duma of the Empire and guarantees galli and civil liberties.
18 October - Anti-Jewish pogrooms from Kiev and Odessa. Irina, an Orthodox cross around her neck, is hidden and becomes a bed by the Macha Kitchen.
Until 1914, many s days Paris, in the cities of waters (Vichy, Divonne, Plombi res, Vittel), on the C te d Azur (Cannes, Nice) and on the Basque C te (Biarritz). She reads War and Peace, the M morial of Saint-H the ne, Stendhal, Balzac, Maupassant. )
1911
V tue d a r plique of Sarah Bernhardt’s costume, she r cites the tirade of L Aiglon from Rostand the f te of the French Home of Kiev, in front of the governor general Sukhomlinov.
1912
Mendel Beiliss, a Jewish worker from Kiev, is accused of the ritual murder of a Christian child. The affair caused a wave of anti-Semitism in Russia.
1914
Installation of the N mirovsky Saint-P tersbourg, capital of the Empire. Leonid, who has become an influential banker, approaches government circles.
1st August t - Germany declared war on Russia.
3 ao t - Germany declared war on France.
18 ao t - Saint-Ptersbourg is renamed Petrograd.
1917
F vrier - Days are revolutionary. Irina attends the great demonstration of the women (23 february), then at the mockery of the ex cution of dvornik Ivan, janitor of her building.
Suicide of Z zelle, by drowning in the waters of the Neva. I no longer want to call him Z zelle, it’s too sacred. I’ll see. Miss Rose, it’s good too (Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
March 20 - The provisional government of Prince Lvov abolished the denominational restrictions imposed on the Jews.
October 25 - Bolshevik Putsch. The N mirovsky settled in Moscow, in an apartment under the wing of a knight-guard. Irina reads Huysmans, Maupassant, Oscar Wilde, Plato.
1918 January - The Mirovsky N are gaining access to the village of Mustam ki (Iakovlevo), the Finnish front.
April - Fleeing the fighting of the civil war, the N mirovsky reach the Finnish capital, Helsingfors. Irina reads Balzac, Dumas, Gautier and the modern French authors.
1919
March - The N mirovsky leave Helsingfors for the capital city of Stockholm.
July - Arriv e Rouen, in France, at the end of a through e of ten days without a stopover, with a frightful time that I must remember in David Golder � (interview, The New litt raires, January 11, 1930) The N mirovsky s settle into a furnished apartment, 115 rue de la Pompe. I had to stay in Paris as a child. Upon returning there, I found the memories that awaited me., Review of the two worlds, 1936). She reads Proust, Larbaud, Chardonne, Maurois, Toulet, the fr res Tharaud.
1920
November - The N mirovsky emm swim in a particular h such, 18 avenue du Pr sident-Wilson. She enrolled at the Sorbonne in Russian literature, read Merejkovski, Balmont and the letters of the Si cle d Argent. Runs the balls, the bo tes and the cabarets of Montmartre. I did not take any of the pleasures of youth, I traveled a lot and a lot in! (Maintenance, Marianne, 13 february 1935)
1921
� the Sorbonne, Ir does not sympathize with Ren Avot, son of an industrialist from the Pas-de-Calais, and with his sister Madeleine. Travel by car to Touquet, Deauville, Juan-les-Pins, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Hendaye. First texts in French, a series of apophtegms set in a black notebook: If happiness does not exist, there is at least one thing that is quite accurate down here. (Carnet / IMEC)
1st ao t - The gay magazine Fantasio publishes one of the four comic dialogues written by Ir ne N mirovsky, Nonoche at the extra-lucid (in dit). This sayn is signed te e Topsy, from the nickname given to her by her English governess Mrs Matthews.September - Enrollment at the Sorbonne in a Bachelor’s degree in Russian literature.
1922
Arrival in France of his maternal grandparents.
July - Obtains his certificate of higher practical studies in Russian language and literature, with honors.
28 October - Inscription in literature by the Sorbonne. Follows the courses of Fernand Baldensperger and Fortunat Strowski.
1923
Ir is twenty years old: She seemed very strong in her growth and kept a fragile and small child’s body for twenty years. (Papers / IMEC)
He settles his daughter in a house at 24, rue Boissi re. There is no neighbor like Henri de R gnier (1864-1936), the French actor, poet and novelist Henri de R gnier (1864-1936) and he noisily calls out his friends.
1924
May 9 - Publication in Le Matin of La Niania , representation of the Autumn Flies.
10 July - Obtains his certificate of higher studies in literature by e.
28 October - France officially recognized the USSR. The Russian exiles went until January 1925 to proclaim nationalism.
31 December - Meet Michel Epstein at the New Year’s Eve.
1925
March - Obtains his certificate of higher studies in Russian philology, with honors.
1926
F vrier - The Misunderstanding, her first novel, for t in the monthly Free works (Fayard); he tells about the unconditional love of an office employee and a wealthy idle:
Ah, love is a feeling of luxury, my ch rie
transformed the first version of David Golder, r cit of exile and the death of a Jewish-Russian migrant couple, m taphora of his family history.
July 31 - Civil marriage with Michel Epstein the town hall of the 16th arrondissement, for a c r religious visit to the synagogue on Th ry street (currently Montevideo street).
1927
April - L Enfant g nial, great news in said, for you in Free Works; it makes the unconscious hear sad Jewish songs, coming from deep inside like an immense sob.
1928
July - L Ennemie, his second novel, written under the pseudonym of Pierre Nerey, anagram of Ir ne, in Free works.
1929
F vrier - The Ball, news in said scene between two chapters by David Golder , para t under the pseudonym of Pierre Nerey in Free works. Like L'Ennemie, it is the story of a revenge, that of a young girl who was left behind by her mother, an upstart.
September - Address the manuscript of David Golder Andr Foucault, chief editor of the free works, which demands cuts.
October - Bernard Grasset (1881-1955) makes announcements in the press to find the author of David Golder, who addressed him under the name of Epstein. It is more likely a publicity coup.
November 9 - Birth of Denise Epstein. Two or three weeks after the delivery, Nimirovsky feels at the Grasset divisions.
7 December - The first copies of David Golder are released from the press. Bernard Grasset compares the novel to Balzac’s Father Gorito and publishes a statement: Here is a work that, in my opinion, must go very far.
1930
January 10 - Andr Th rive, in Le Temps, give the pitch of the criticism: One cannot doubt it, David Golder is a masterpiece. The novel meets a flamboyant success. Andr Maurois compares its author Proust, and Gaston de Pawlowski, Tolsto. Henri de R gnier greets a talent very s s r (Le Figaro, January 28). Gaston Ch rau and Roland Dorgel sponsor the application of Ir ne N mirovsky the Soci t of people of letters.
F vrier-mars - The right-wing press wants to believe that David Golder is a pamphlet:
Only a Jew could write about the Jewish madness of gold such a terrible and clairvoyant truth. (Andr Billy, The Woman of France) Part of the press
isra lite fustige David Golder, figure of the Jewish for antis mites (Pierre Paraf, Jewish illustration). Ir ne N mirovsky, who acknowledged having written a social satire, will always shed light on any realization: � Do the bourgeois of the Marais think about identifying with people from Francis Carco’s milieu? Why do the French isra lites want to find themselves in David Golder ? The disproportion is the same. (Interview, L Univers isra lite, July 5, 1935)
Ao t - Grasset republishes The Ball, new that he sees as the new novel by Ir ne N mirovsky. Criticism is due to its thinness and the perversity of his h ro ne. Paul Reboux greets all of me a jewel and announces the birth of a new Colette (Paris-Soir, 13 ao t).
October - Julien Duvivier shoots the adaptation of David Golder, his first talking film. The title is held by Harry Baur. It was necessary to postpone her request for French naturalization, for fear that she would facilitate the awarding of the Goncourt Prize and marred the moment of her march.
1931
January 14 - Death of Iona Margoulis, who will be buried in the Jewish carr of the Re-Lachaise.
March 6 - First mondaine of the great film about Duvivier, the lily and Gaumont, on the Champs-lys, with many characters: Colette, Maurice Ravel, Paul Morand, etc.
May - The Autumn Flies, or the Woman of another faiths para t at the publisher Simon Kra, in the collection Women . This nostalgic reference to the Russian migration is an intimate tribute Z zelle .
July - Film on , first attempt at writing sc naristique, para t in Free works.
September 11 - Screening at the Gaumont-Palace of the singing film The Ball, adapted by Wilhelm Thiele. The film is directed by thirteen-year-old Danielle Darrieux.
December - Grasset takes over The Flies of autumn, thus salu by Robert Brasillach: � Mrs. Nemirovski made the immense Russian language pass into a French form [ ]. We will read and keep this book whose po sie is so moving and so true. (French action, January 7)
1932
May 18 - Death of Rosa Margoulis, almost blind.
June - The sc nario The Com die bourgeoise para t in Free works.
16 September - Death of L on N mirovsky, Nice, from a crisis of moptysia. He is in hum at the scimitar re of Belleville. October - Ach ve the r action of The Courilof Case, terrorist novel undertaken during the t: What a slaughterhouse a r volution! Is it worth it?
December - Undertake a new novel, The Pawn on the chessboard, chronic of a suicide and sociological parable on the misdiction of work. The 30th, The Courilof Case para t in serial form in The Annals policies and litt changes.
1933
January 30 - Adolf Hitler is appointed chancellor of Germany.
May -L Courilof Affair, from Michel Epstein, for volume at Grasset. The author recognized to be inspired by personal memories and testimonies on the p riode pr r volution, notably My Life of Trotsky.
A lunch in September (Paris review), the masterpiece of Ir ne N mirovsky, as perfect as a novel by Chekhov according to Robert Brasillach (French action, May 30, 1934).
September - bauche the plan of the autobiography badly guis and what will be The Wine of Solitude, provisionally titled The Kern Family . A short pass palpitant and rare, isn’t it worth all the imaginations?
(Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
24 October - Signs an exclusive contract for twenty years with Albin Michel (1873-1943), at a rate of 4,000 francs per month.
8 December - Nativit , transposition of a memory from Mustam ki, para t in Gringoire, weekly political and literary magazine directed by Horace de Carbuccia
(1891-1975) and shot 250,000 copies.
1934
January-March - Dramatic criticism for the daily Today, she is strongly impressed by The Races by Ferdinand Br Ckner, at the History of the work, chronicle of the Austrian antis mitism which r v the state of mind terribly inqui so much for the neighbors of a people where sadism, pride, and cruelty are thus glorified (March 10).
6 f vrier - antiparliamentary meutes place de la Concorde, suite
the Stavisky case .
May - Exit of the Pawn on the chessboard (Albin Michel). I continue to paint the society that I know best and which is composed of people from Sax, coming out of the middle, from the country where they normally would have seen them [ ].
May 30 - Robert Brasillach of molit The Pawn on the chessboard : All the address of the crivain does not manage to hide the emptiness of the subject and the book. [ ] Maybe the author of David Golder shouldn’t she write novels. (French action) Ir ne N mirovsky feels d sempar e, without courage, without hope, unhappy as possible (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
July 3 - D goes on vacation Urrugne, then Hendaye. R action of the Wine of solitude.
1935
January - Rereading of the evidence from the Wine of solitude, who will be in line with the Ball (maintenance, Marianne, 13 February 1935).
F vrier - Ida , Film parl , The Wines of Wine and The Com die bourgeoise are included in a volume of the collection Renaissance of the new (Gallimard) directed by the diplomat and novelist Paul Morand (1888-1976), under the title Films parl s. The critic is not convinced by these essays on linguistic criteria.
F vrier-mai - Chronicle the English literature, literature and statistics in The weekly review (Plon). Strong impression the reading of the Forty Days of the Mussa Dagh by Franz Werfel, chronic of the g nocide arm nien.
July 5 - In an interview given The Universe isra lite, Ir ne N mirovsky recognized his wrongs ( It is quite certain that if there had been Hitler, I would have greatly softened David Golder � ) and what is the end : Every time I had the opportunity, I clicked that I was Jewish, I proclaimed myself! I am much too far from the truth to have ever denied him.
Ao t - The Wine of Solitude is released in volume at Albin Michel. This novel is one of those that were written in its t te and in its heart well before being written on paper [ ]. (Sequana, ao t 1935)
September 30 - Denise Epstein acquires the French nationality.
October 2 - J zabel, Esquiss in 1934, published as a serial in the weekly Marianne. Portrait of a monster who refuses to grow old and to have offspring, it is also the proc s of Fanny N mirovsky: Old, old woman, as I test you!
November - New steps to obtain French naturalization, with the support of Ren Doumic, director of the Review of Two Worlds.
1936
Andr Sabatier leaves Grasset and becomes the owner of Ir ne N mirovsky at Albin Michel, as well as one of his most loyal friends. Gringoire offers him 50,000 francs for the serialization of his next book, The Prey, novel of learning and satire of political corruption.
March - Germany occupies the Rh nanie.
May - Exit from J zabel at Albin Michel’s. A woman has you. Why? (band).
June 5 - After the victory of the Popular Front, the socialist L on Blum is a member of the Council. the National Assembly, Xavier Vallat exclaims: For the first time, this old Gallo-Roman country will be governed by a Jew!
t - Vacances Urrugne. Ir ne N mirovsky hears the machine gun fire off the Spanish front. Composition of The Prey.
September - Pr face The postman always rings twice, by James Cain (Gallimard):
Here, no parations, no digressions, not a moment of r pit. Facts. Facts.�
Autumn - The name of Ir ne N mirovsky appears in an anonymous anti-Semitic brochure, entitled Here are the real tres ma of France more than 800 names, under the heading crivains , among those of Andr Maurois, Benjamin Cr mieux, Julien Benda, Edmond Fleg, Pierre Paraf, Andr Spire, Joseph Kessel.
October 31 - Ren Doumic refuses to publish Fraternity , on the grounds that this news would be antis mite. His main character, a French Jew who is cultured and refined, from the big bourgeoisie, brutally becomes aware of his identity and the p ril that threatens him. In sum, I show the inassimilability. [ ] I know that it is true. (Work journals, 1936 / IMEC)
1937
5 f vrier - Fraternity para t in Gringoire, whose political columns are part of the antis mitism, but to the literary pages of which she continues to contribute.
March 20 - Birth of a second daughter, named after Lisabeth, like her granddaughter from her father for a few weeks more than you, and L one, in memory of her maternal granddaughter.
t - Vacances La Fert -Allais. Composition of Two, novel envisag d s 1934:
� it is the story of two very two, of a crazy, bad, unstable nature, that life, love, marriage perfect. (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
6 December - Finds her notebook as a young girl, in which she records her Crivain projects, notably three portraits of Jews: Blum, Stavisky, and Trotsky. Blum is for her the type of tribune despite him, the man whose life does not agree with his time row (Work journals, 1938 / IMEC).
1938
March 12 - Nazi Germany annexes Austria (Anschluss). What a different time we are living The war, logically, seems all pr. (Work journals, 1938 / IMEC)
Spring - Exit from The Prey (Albin Michel). A Julien Sorel in times of crisis (publicit ).
April - bauche du Charlatan, r cit de l ascension d'un m decin immigr devenu escroc par n cessit . She works there until ao t.
21-24 April - First day known the H as travelers, Issy-l v that, on the borders of the Ni Vre and the Sa ne-et-Loire.
June 4 - I have reduced my worldly life to a minimum. I spend almost all my evenings at home reading and relaxing. (The New Litt rips)
June 25 - In her work journal, she mentions her financial difficulties: � Days of anguish, of this anguish that money gives, when one does not have any and yet knows that one can gain some. A grudge against life. (IMEC) His author’s account is worth 65,000 francs.
t - Vacances Hendaye. Bed Katherine Mansfield. The house is being tufted; we are tufting in the sand. No desire to work, and, at the same time this obscure inqui tude (Work journals, 1938 / IMEC)
Undertakes a new novel, Children of the Night, the story of a family of Russian Jews yes, always! where there is a son who becomes Stav[isky]
(Work journals, 1938 / IMEC).
5 ao t - We have you happy, first of his food news , para t in Marie-Claire, magazine f minin directed by H the ne Gordon-Lazareff, the sister of his friend Mila.
19 ao t - Hopes (Gringoire), portraits of two Russian migrants living in Paris:
Ah, happy Fran ais! so calm, so happy!
September 30 - France, the United Kingdom,, Italy and Germany sign the Munich agreements.
November 9 - In Germany, the Kristallnacht marks a brutal escalation of the antis mitism
12 November - In France, a constitutional law limits the accession of foreigners to French nationality and hardens the situation for those unable to join.
November 23 - The Epstein d submit a new naturalization application to the police department. Despite prestigious recommendations, this request will not succeed.
December - Ir ne and Michel Epstein undertake marches in view of their conversion to Catholicism. On the 21st, advised by Roger Br Chard, whom she met in Auvergne, she wrote Bishop Vladimir Ghika (1873-1954), a Romanian familiar with the Parisian street circles, servant of the poor in the red zone of Villejuif.
1939
January 4 -March 15 - Give an s rie of six conf rences Radio Paris, on the th me of Grandes romanci res trang res .
24 January - Intuition of the title finitif of Children of the Night: The dogs and wolves caught between the flames of hell. (Work journals, 1939 / IMEC)
2 f vrier - Ir, Michel and their two daughters are baptized by Bishop Ghika in the chapel of the Sainte-Marie Paris abbey, with Br Chard as godfather.
17 February - In I am everywhere, Robert Brasillach calls to deprive of the French nationality all Jews, half-Jews, quarter of a Jew .
March - Michel is seriously ill, a pneumonia is missing the take. Bookstore release of Two, the first love novel by Ir ne N mirovsky (publicit ) , his best sales success since David Golder
March 15 - The German troops arrive in Soviet Russia and occupy the region of the South.
April - crit for the Broadcasting of a drama titled Women of Paris, women of letters. »
21 April - The Marchandeau Decree punishes racist and anti-mite remarks.
May 18 - 24 August - Serial publication in Gringoire of the Charlatan, novel of immigration renamed Les chelles du Levant. Yes, all of you, who have taken me, rich Fran ais, happy Fran ais, what I wanted, it was your culture, your morals, your virtues, everything that is higher than me, different from me, different from the mud where I am n!
23 ao t - Signing of the German-Sovi tic non-aggression pact. Hendaye, the Epsteins are savoring the last hours of peace.
28 ao t - Albin Michel sends Ir ne N mirovsky a letter of recommendation
aupr s of the authorities and the press : � We are experiencing distressing hours at the moment that can become tragic overnight. Now, you are Russian and Isra lite, and [ ] I thought my testimony could be useful to you.
September 1st - The German troops invade Poland. Jean Vignaud tries to restart the procedure for naturalizing the Epstein lice, in vain.
3 September - France and England declare war on Germany. By guarantee, Denise and Lisabeth are sent to Issy-l v only at Mrs. Mitaine’s, the mother of C cile Michaud, nurse.
Until May 1940, Ir ne N mirovsky multiplies the round trips between Paris and Issy.
October-December - Give the radio of the conferences exalting the courage of the French. Thus, in November, a drama entitled Emilie Plater , vocation of the destiny of this young Polish woman who fought against each other, in 1831, for the freedom of her country.
October 11 - Dogs and Wolves begins to be serialized in Candide, weekly publication by Fayard printing more than 400,000 copies .
Undertake a Chekhov’s life who worked in 1946 at Albin Michel.
1940
January 1st - A no (Review of the Two Worlds), new collection of memories from the Finnish Civil War (1918).
1st February - In Le Sortil ge � (Gringoire), the narrator, named Ir ne, shares childhood memories in a dacha on the outskirts of Kiev. But March - Day Issy-l v that.
Undertake a new novel, Young and Old, chronicle of a French family, from the first world war to the second. In short, my daughter, you want to do your little War and Peace! (Work journals, 1940 / IMEC)
Publication of The Dogs and the Wolves. � This novel is a story of Jews. I speak: not of French Jews, but of Jews from the East, from Ukraine or from Poland. [ ] I think that some Jews will recognize themselves in my characters. Maybe they will blame me? But I know that I say the v rit . This novel will be very how by the press.
10 May - Offensive of the German troops on the Western Front. Goal of the Battle of France. Ir N mirovsky leaves to install Issy-l v only.
10 June - Michel, very weakened, abandons his position at the Bank of the Northern Countries to win Orl years.
14 June - The German troops are shooting on the Champs-lys es. Issy-l v that, Ir N mirovsky is less than the massive exodus of the French towards the south of the country.
June 21 - Arrival of the German soldiers Issy-l v that.
22 June - The Marchchal Philippe P tain, new representative of the Council, signs an armistice with Germany. A line of marking will appear on the
non-occupied area e (south) of the occupied area e (north), where is Issy-l v that.
June 25 - Radiodiffused speech of the mar chal P tain: A new order begins.July 1st - Opening of the Albin Michel divisions, under the direction of Robert Esm nard, son-in-law of the director.
10 July - A constitutional law abolishes the public R, institutes the French state and entrusts all powers to the Maréchal P tain, whose government is installed Vichy (Allier).
Mi-ao t - Michel Epstein is radi of his bank for abandonment of position.
27 ao t - Repeal of the Marchandeau d-law, which sanctioned racial defamation through the press.
13 September - Who you announce measures against stateless persons, Ir N mirovsky crit P tain: I cannot believe, Mr. Le Mar Chal, that no distinction is made between the honorable immigrants and the respectable foreigners who, if they are from France a royal hospital, are aware of having made all their efforts for the same.
October 3 - Publication of the Status of Jews, who are excluded from public service, the press, entertainment, education, and are likely to be interned in special camps.
4 October - Ir ne N mirovsky is not on the list of Otto mentioning the banned authors. Esm nard plans to publish Chekhov’s Life.
October 7 - Ir ne and Michel Epstein are listed as Jews the sub-fecture of Autun.
8 October - Jean Fayard breaks the contract that committed him to publish Young and Old in Candide, under the title of finitif The Goods of this world.
October 22 - Learns the death of the Br Chard, on June 20, in the Vosges, from a bullet in the middle of his body. He will inspire the character of Philippe P ricand in French suite.
24 October - P tain meets Hitler Montoire. Purpose of the policy of collaboration with Germany.
29 October - She is able to publish under a pseudonym. At times, unbearable anguish. A nightmare sensation. Do not believe the truth. Hope is naked and absurd. (Work journals, 1940 / IMEC)
November - Plans to write a novel about the Church and the Exodus of June 1940, provisionally titled Panic, or Temp te, on the mod le of La Mousson (The Rains Came) by Louis Bromfield (1937). What fun it would be! From the train where things are going, it would be posthumous works, but finally.
(Work journals, 1940 / IMEC)
Relit Tolsto, Pushkin and Lord Byron.
December - The news Fear and The Cards, sign es C. Michaud , are refused by the weekly Today.
December 5 - Destiny is para t under the pseudonym of Pierre N rey in Gringoire, become openly Tainist and anti-mite. She s y sent like a dentelli re in the middle of the savages (Work journals, 1940 / IMEC).
11 December - Return from Syria of Andr Sabatier, who convinces Robert Esm nard to continue the payment of monthly advances of Ir ne N mirovsky in 1941, despite the d bit of his author’s account.
1941
March - Publication of the Journal rebours de Colette (Fayard). If that’s all she could get from June, I’m at peace. (Work journals, 1941 / IMEC)
March 29 - Creation of a Commissioner for Jewish Affairs, confi Xavier Vallat.
10 April-20 June - The Goods of this world, novel in said by a young woman , para t en feuilleton dans Gringoire. April 26 - Freezing of the bank accounts of the Jews.
June 2 - Publication of a second Statute for the Jews, more restrictive, listing the proscribed third parties.
22 June - Classification of the Barbarossa operation: the German army to be in Soviet Union. Fearing to be stopped, Ir N mirovsky calls her service Julie Dumot, so that she takes care of Denise and Babet and serves as your name. She asks the notary, his intention, a letter-will giving him guardianship power and authorizing it by all last re extr mit publish a novel that I might not have time to finish and which is called Temp te in June .
28 June - From the occupying troops stationed at Issy-l v that. I pity these poor children. But I cannot forgive individuals, those who push me away, those who coldly let us fall (Work journals, 1941 / IMEC)
Undertake a second meeting of Weather you in June and bauche Dolce, chronicle of the occupation of Issy-l v that and criticism of the spirit of the hive , it is-to say nationalism or community destiny . Apparently, she undertakes a short novel, Heat of the blood (Deno l, 2006), a parabola on the gears of life located in the country of Issy-l v that.
8 ao t - The Unknown , new shout by a young woman, for you in Gringoire. In this pacifist fable, the German soldier’s name is Hohmann, like the lieutenant with whom Michel became the friend.
September 5 - The Returned (Gringoire), under the pseudonym Pierre N rey:
� That we are dr el made, all of me! Our weak memory only keeps the trace of happiness, so deeply marked at times that it seems like a wound.
September 19 - Fall of Kiev. In Ukraine, the Einsatzgruppen prevent the massive and systematic massacre of Jewish populations.
11 November - Installation of the Epsteins and Julie Dumot in a rental house equipped with a vegetable garden and an orchard. She undertakes a new novel in the vein of the Goods of this world, but more pessimistic: The fires of autumn, a chronicle of the interwar period that appeared in 1957 at Albin Michel.
1st of December - In the vision of a day in Paris, she received her manuscripts from the notary of Issy, including those of David Golder.
17 December - Julie Dumot signs an author’s contract with Albin Michel for two novels by Ir ne N mirovsky, of which The Goods of this world, who para tra in 1947.
No l - Denise and lisabeth spend the holidays C zac, in the Landes, with Julie.
1942
F vrier - Two and Dogs and Wolves are r imprim s by special authorization. Robert Esm nard announces the evidence of Chekhov’s Life. She writes the Kreiskommandantur of Autun to request the authorization of a day in Paris, in order to see her director. Bernard Grasset refusing him any support, she also requests the support of H l ne Morand.
27 February - L Fire , last new para tre in Gringoire, under the pseudonym of Pierre Nérey. Hector de Carbuccia will not publish Weather you in June, of which she hopes to have 50,000 francs. Her author’s account at Albin Michel is worth 120,000 francs. Michel Epstein stops paying his Parisian rent.
March - Rereading her notes from April 1940 concerning the composition of the Goods of this world, she is interested in seeing that she was then proving a tenderness sinc re and a little mocking for the French. Taking care to date it, she adds above this mention: hatred and m taken = March 1942 (Work journals, 1942 / IMEC).
On the fringe of Dolce, she records her notes on the state of France : My God! What is this country doing to me? Since it rejects me, let us coldly watch it lose its honor and its life.First bauches of Captivity (or Serfdom) , third part of the branch of the Temp tes :
Me, I work on lava br lante. (Notes on Captivit )
16 April - President Pierre Laval, who was recalled to power in December 1940.24 April - It is necessary to make a sequence of Temp te, Dolce, Captivit. The subject of this French Suite will be the struggle between individual destiny and community destiny.
( Notes on the State of France ).
May 4 - In a letter from Andr Sabatier, she consid French continuation like
the main work of his life .
17 May - She urges Sabatier to publish The Fires of Autumn. The creative attitude of Horace de Carbuccia takes it to a new level state of bitterness, of weariness, of go t (Sabatier letter / IMEC).
29 May - Ordinance requiring Jews to wear a yellow cloth. Only Lisabeth, aged under six years, will not wear it. Mom told me that I was a Jew, the day we agreed to wear the yellow canvas. (Denise Epstein)
17 June - Seventeen of the twenty-two chapters of Dolce are achev s. She imagines the fate of her characters in Captivit, then in the two following volumes, Battles and Peace, which would see the triumph of individual destiny. The whole makes up a large volume of one thousand pages ( Notes on the state of France ).
July 1st - Paris, Theodor Dannecker and Adolf Eichmann plan the next part of the first six convoys of a thousand Jews from France to Auschwitz.
8 July - A second list Otto is obliged to remove from sale all books by Jewish authors. A German ordinance prohibits Jews from the regulation of theaters and all public places.
July 11 - I have written a lot lately. I suppose they will be posthumous works, but it always makes time pass
(letter A. Sabatier / IMEC).
July 13 - Ir N mirovsky was arrested in the morning at his home in Issy-l v only and moved to the gendarmerie of Toulon-sur-Arroux, on the grounds of a general measure against stateless Jews aged 16 45.
July 15 - Arrival at the Pithiviers internment camp, in Loiret. Publication in the weekly Christian Mar Pr sent of his ultimate news, The Virgins , under the pseudonym Denise M rande: � Look at me. I am alone as you feel, but not from a chosen solitude, sought after, but from the worst solitude, humili e, am re, that of abandonment, of betrayal.
16-17 July - Paris, more than thirteen thousand Jews are gathered and gathered at the V Lodrome of Winter to be harboured. Among them, Paul Epstein, fr re de Michel.
17 July - D leaves, 6:15 a.m., from convoy No. 6 of Pithiviers for Auschwitz, with 809 men and 119 women.
July 19 - Arrival of convoy no. 6 Auschwitz-Birkenau, around 7 p.m.
July 27 - Following the orders of H l ne Morand and the secretary of state Jacques Benoist-M chin, Michel writes a letter for Otto Abetz, ambassador of the Reich, pleading his wife’s cause. Andr Sabatier will not transmit it.
9 ao t - Michel learns that the interns of Pithiviers have been transported to eastern Poland or probably Russia.
12 ao t - Sabatier crit Michel Epstein: H las! I did everything I could.
19 ao t - Ir ne N mirovsky d c of typhus, 15 h 20 according to the questionable reports of the Auschwitz certificate, which mentions a flu.
8 October - Michel Epstein from the gue Julie has all authority over her daughters and crit Madeleine Avot-Cabour: Don’t abandon the little ones if something bad happens to them.
October 9 - Michel is stop t and leads the pr fecture of Autun. He entrusts Denise and lisabeth, pargn es, the suitcase containing French continuation (Deno l, 2004). Then he is taken to the prison of Le Creusot and transported illegally to the transit camp of Drancy, in Paris.
End of October - Two gendarmes and a militiaman feel the school of Issy to stop Denise and Lisabeth, who must flee Bordeaux with Julie Dumot.
November 6 - D leaves from convoy No. 42 from Drancy for Auschwitz. All its occupants will be arriving at their arrival; among them, Michel Epstein.
1943
Denise and Lisabeth are hiding under false names in a Catholic boarding school, then, starting from February 1944, at private homes.
23 February - The new one A beautiful marriage , returned in December 1941 by Gringoire, is published in Pr sent, under the name of Denise M rande.
10 May - The name of Ir ne N mirovsky, which did not appear on the first two lists
Otto of the litt works not published in French, appara t in the list of 739 Jewish Jews in the French language published in annex to the third list.
1944
24 ao t - Liberation of Paris.
1945
January - Liberation of the Auschwitz camp by the Jews.
F vrier - The ministry of R fugi cannot obtain any information on the fate of the critics Robert Desnos, Benjamin Cr better, Ir ne N mirovsky
May 7 - The armistice is signed Reims. Gradual return of the port s. A family council, constituted by the Bank of the Northern Countries, the Society of People of Letters and Albin Michel provides for the schooling and education of the daughters of Ir n mirovsky, until their majority. Lisabeth is placed with the Avot, Denise in a Catholic boarding school.
