chronology
by Olivier Philipponnat
1847
Birth Odessa of Jonas Margoulis, nicknamed Iona. Maternal grandfather of Irène Mirovsky. He was the only one who spoke perfectly French. He said: "My little queue" by strongly pressing the last syllable thus transformed e.
(Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
1854
Birth Ekaterinoslav of Rosa Chtchedrovitch, called Bella , his maternal grandfather. Poor woman, small, slim, thin [.] a face as faint as an old photograph, features blurred, yellowed, of lay in tears.
(Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
1868
September 1st - Birth of Leonid Borisovich N mirovsky, nicknamed the Arab, like Pushkin, because of his complexion: his daughter Ir ne N mirovsky h will write his h le.
1875
Birth of Anna Margoulis, her mother, who will be called Fanny or Jeanne, the Frenchwoman, and will have her civil status changed to rejuvenate herself by twelve years. I find very well the image of my mother. As it is the fact that, until now, I cannot write this word without hatred. (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC).
1902
Marriage of Anna Margoulis and Leonid N mirovsky.
1903
11 February - Birth of Irina Irma N mirovsky Kiev, only daughter of Leonid N mirovsky and Anna Margoulis. She is nicknamed Irotchka, or Irinouchka. A French governess from about fifty years ago, Z zelle, will be responsible for her education: In my childhood, she felt the refuge, the light. [ ] I really didn’t love her in the world. (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
1905
17 October - Following the revolutionary days, Nicholas II publishes the Manifesto that institutes the Duma of the Empire and guarantees galli and civil liberties.
October 18 - Anti-Jewish pogrooms of Kiev and Odessa. Irina, an Orthodox cross around her neck, is hidden and becomes a bed by the cuisini re Macha.
Until 1914, many days Paris, in the cities of waters (Vichy, Divonne, Plombi res, Vittel), on the French Riviera (Cannes, Nice) and on the Basque Coast (Biarritz). She reads War and Peace, the M Memorial of Saint-H the Ne, Stendhal, Balzac, Maupassant. )
1911
V tue d a r plique du costume de Sarah Bernhardt, she r cite the tirade of L Aiglon from Rostand the f te de charit of the French Home of Kiev, in front of the general-governor Soukhomlinov.
1912
Mendel Beiliss, a Jewish worker from Kiev, is accused of the ritual murder of a Christian child. The affair caused a wave of anti-Semitism in Russia.
1914
Installation of the N mirovsky Saint-P tersbourg, capital of the Empire. Leonid, who has become an influential banker, approaches government circles.
1st August t - Germany declares war on Russia.
3 ao t - Germany declared war on France.
18 ao t - Saint-P tersbourg is rebaptized as Petrograd.
1917
F vrier - Days are revolutionary. Irina attends the big women’s demonstration (23 february), then the mock performance of Ivan Ivan, janitor of his building.
Suicide of Z zelle, by drowning in the waters of the Neva. I no longer want to call her Z zelle, it’s too sacred. I’ll see. Miss Rose, it’s good too (Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
March 20 - The provisional government of Prince Lvov abolished the denominational restrictions imposed on the Jews.
October 25 - Bolshevik putsch. The N mirovsky settled in Moscow, in an apartment under the wing of a knight-guard. Irina reads Huysmans, Maupassant, Oscar Wilde, Plato.
1918 January - The N mirovsky reach the village of Mustam ki (Iakovlevo), the Finnish fronti re.
April - Fleeing the fighting of the civil war, the N mirovsky reach the Finnish capital, Helsingfors. Irina reads Balzac, Dumas, Gautier and the modern French authors.
1919
March - The N mirovsky leave Helsingfors for the capital city of Stockholm.
July - Arriv e Rouen, in France, at the end of a through e of ten days without a stopover, with a frightful weather that I must remember in David Golder � (interview, The New litt raires, January 11, 1930) The N mirovsky s settle into a furnished apartment, 115 rue de la Pompe. I had to stay in Paris as a child. Upon returning there, I found the memories that awaited me., Review of the two worlds, 1936). She reads Proust, Larbaud, Chardonne, Maurois, Toulet, the brothers are Tharaud.
1920
November - The N mirovsky emm swim in a particular h such, 18 avenue du Pr sident-Wilson. She enrolled at the Sorbonne in Russian literature, read Merejkovski, Balmont and the po tes of Silver Si cle d Argent. Runs the balls, the bo tes and the cabarets of Montmartre. I did not take any of the pleasures of youth, I traveled a lot and a lot in! (Maintenance, Marianne, 13 february 1935)
1921
� the Sorbonne, Ir does not sympathize with Ren Avot, son of an industrialist from the Pas-de-Calais, and with his sister Madeleine. Travel by car to Le Touquet, Deauville, Juan-les-Pins, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Hendaye. First texts in French, a series of apophtegmas found in a black notebook: If happiness does not exist, there is at least one opposite that is quite exact down here. (Carnet / IMEC)
1st ao t - The gay magazine Fantasio publishes one of the four comic dialogues written by Ir ne N mirovsky, Nonoche at the extra-lucid (in dit). This sayn is signed te e Topsy, from the nickname given to her by her English governess Mrs Matthews.September - Enrollment at the Sorbonne in a Bachelor’s degree in Russian literature.
1922
Arrival in France of his maternal grandparents.
July - Obtains his certificate of higher practical studies in Russian language and literature, with honors.
28 October - Inscription in literature by the Sorbonne. Follows the courses of Fernand Baldensperger and Fortunat Strowski.
1923
Ir is twenty years old: She seemed very arr t e in her growth and kept twenty years a fragile body and menu of child. (Papers / IMEC)
He settles his daughter in a house at 24, rue Boissi re. There is no neighbor like Henri de R gnier (1864-1936), the famous poet and novelist Henri de R gnier (1864-1936) and he noisily calls on his friends.
1924
May 9 - Publication in Le Matin de La Niania , representation of the Autumn Flies.
10 July - Obtains his certificate of higher studies in literature literature by e.
28 October - France officially recognized the USSR. The Russian exiles lasted until January 1925 to proclaim the Soviet nationality.
31 December - Meet Michel Epstein at the New Year’s Eve.
1925
March - Obtains his certificate of higher studies in Russian philology, with honors.
1926
F vrier - The Misunderstanding, her first novel, for t in the monthly Free works (Fayard); he recounts the unconditional love of an office employee and a rich idle:
Ah, love is a feeling of luxury, my ch rie
transformed the first version of david golder, r cit of the exile and the mat rielle r ussite of a Jewish-Russian migrant couple, m tapping on his family history.
July 31 - Civil marriage with Michel Epstein the town hall of the 16th arrondissement, for a religious ceremony in the synagogue on Th ry street (now Montevideo street).
1927
April - L Enfant g nial, great news in said , for you in Free Works; she makes the unconscious hear sad Jewish songs, coming from deep inside like an immense sob.
1928
July - L Ennemie, his second novel, written under the pseudonym of Pierre Nerey, anagram of Ir ne, in Free works.
1929
F vrier - The Ball, news in so-called crite between two chapters by David Golder , para t under the pseudonym of Pierre Nerey in Free works. Like L'Ennemie, it is the story of a revenge, that of a little girl who was left behind by her mother, an parvenu.
September - Address the manuscript of David Golder Andr Foucault, chief editor of the free works, which demands cuts.
October - Bernard Grasset (1881-1955) makes advertisements in the press to find the author of David Golder, who addressed him under the name of Epstein. It is more likely to be a publicity coup.
November 9 - Birth of Denise Epstein. Two or three weeks after the delivery, His Majesty feels at Grasset’s ditions.
7 December - The first copies of David Golder are released from the press. Bernard Grasset compares the novel to Balzac’s Father Gorito and publishes a statement: Here is a work that, in my opinion, must go very far.
1930
January 10 - Andr Th rive, in Le Temps, give the pitch of the criticism: One cannot doubt it, David Golder is a masterpiece. The novel meets a flamboyant success. André Maurois compares its author Proust, and Gaston de Pawlowski, Tolsto. Henri de R gnier greets a talent very s s r (Le Figaro, January 28). Gaston Ch rau and Roland Dorgel sponsor the application of Ir ne N mirovsky the Soci t of people of letters.
F vrier-mars - The right-wing press wants to believe that David Golder is a pamphlet:
Only a Jew could write about the Jewish madness of gold such a terrible and clairvoyant truth. (Andr Billy, The Woman of France) Part of the press
isra lite fustige David Golder, figure of the Jewish for antis moths (Pierre Paraf, Jewish illustration). Ir ne N mirovsky, who acknowledged having written a social satire, will always shed light on any realization: � Do the bourgeois of the Marais think about identifying with people from Francis Carco’s milieu? Why do the French isra lites want to find themselves in David Golder ? The disproportion is the same. (Interview, L Univers isra lite, July 5, 1935)
Ao t - Grasset republishe The Ball, new that he feels like the new novel by Ir ne N mirovsky. The criticism is due to its thinness and the perversity of his h ro ne. Paul Reboux greets everything from me a jewel and announces the birth of a new Colette (Paris-Soir, 13 ao t).
October - Julien Duvivier shoots the adaptation of David Golder, his first talking film. The title is held by Harry Baur. It was necessary to postpone her request for French naturalization, for fear that she would facilitate the awarding of the Goncourt Prize and marred the moment of her march.
1931
January 14 - Death of Iona Margoulis, who will be buried in the Jewish carr of the Re-Latestar.
March 6 - First mondaine of the great film about Duvivier, the lily and Gaumont, on the Champs-lys, with many characters: Colette, Maurice Ravel, Paul Morand, etc.
May - The Autumn Flies, or the Woman of another faiths para t at the publisher Simon Kra, in the collection Women . This nostalgic reference to the Russian migration is an intimate tribute Z zelle .
July - Film on , first attempt at writing sc naristique, para t in Free Works.
September 11 - Screening at the Gaumont-Palace of the singing film The Ball, adapted by Wilhelm Thiele. The film is directed by thirteen-year-old Danielle Darrieux.
December - Grasset takes over The Flies of autumn, thus salu by Robert Brasillach: � Mrs. Nemirovski conveyed the immense Russian language in a French form [ ]. We will read and keep this book whose po sie is so moving and so true. (French action, January 7)
1932
May 18 - Death of Rosa Margoulis, who became almost blind.
June - The sc nario The Com die bourgeoise para t in Free works.
16 September - Death of L on N mirovsky, Nice, from a crisis of moptysia. He is in hum at the scimitar re of Belleville. October - Ach ve the r action of The Courilof Case, terrorist novel undertaken during the t: What a slaughterhouse a r volution! Is it worth it?
December - Undertake a new novel, The Pawn on the chessboard, chronic of a suicide and sociological parable on the misdiction of work. The 30th, The Courilof Case para t in serial form in The Annals policies and litt changes.
1933
January 30 - Adolf Hitler is appointed chancellor of Germany.
May -The Courilof Case, from Michel Epstein, for volume at Grasset. The author recognized to be inspired by personal memories and drawings on the p riode pr r volution, notably My Life of Trotsky.
A lunch in September (Review of Paris), the masterpiece of Ir ne N mirovsky, as perfect as a short story by Chekhov according to Robert Brasillach (French action, May 30, 1934).
September - bauche the plan of the autobiography badly guis e que sera The Wine of Solitude, provisionally titled The Kern Family . A thrilling and rare visit, isn’t it worth all the imagination?
(Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
24 October - Signs an exclusive contract for twenty years with Albin Michel (1873-1943), at a rate of 4,000 francs per month.
8 December - Nativit , transposition of a memory from Mustam ki, para t in Gringoire, weekly political and literary magazine directed by Horace de Carbuccia
(1891-1975) and shot 250,000 copies.
1934
January-March - Dramatic criticism for the daily Today, she is strongly impressed by The Races by Ferdinand Br ckner, at the History of the work, a chronicle of the Austrian anti-Semitism which r v the a terribly strange spirit so much for the neighbors of a people where sadism, pride, and cruelty are thus glorified (March 10).
6 f vrier - antiparliamentary meutes place de la Concorde, suite
the Stavisky case .
May - Exit of the Pawn on the chessboard (Albin Michel). I continue to paint the society that I know best and which is composed of people from Sax s, coming from the middle, from the country where they normally would have seen it [ ].
May 30 - Robert Brasillach of molit The Pawn on the chessboard : All the address of the crivain does not manage to hide the emptiness of the subject and the book. [ ] Maybe the author of David Golder shouldn’t she write novels. (French action) Ir ne N mirovsky feels d sopar e, without courage, without hope, unhappy as possible (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
July 3 - D goes on vacation Urrugne, then Hendaye. R action of the Wine of solitude.
1935
January - Rereading of the evidence from the Wine of solitude, who will be in line with the Ball (maintenance, Marianne, 13 February 1935).
F vrier - Ida , Film parl , The Wines of Wine and The Com die bourgeoise are included in a volume of the collection Renaissance of the new (Gallimard) directed by the diplomat and novelist Paul Morand (1888-1976), under the title Films parl s. The critic is not convinced by these essays of scientific criteria.
F vrier-mai - Chronicle the English literature, literature and statistics in The weekly review (Plon). Strong impression the reading of the Forty Days of the Mussa Dagh by Franz Werfel, chronic of the g nocide arm nien.
July 5 - In an interview given The Universe isra lite, Ir ne N mirovsky acknowledged his wrongs ( It is quite certain that if there had been Hitler, I would have greatly softened David Golder � ) and what is the end : Every time I had the opportunity, I clicked that I was Jewish, I proclaimed myself! I am much too far from the truth to have ever denied him.
Ao t - The Wine of Solitude is released in volume at Albin Michel. This novel is one of those that was written in its heart well before being written on paper [ ]. (Sequana, ao t 1935)
September 30 - Denise Epstein acquires the French nationality.
2 October - J zabel, Esquiss in 1934, published in serial form in the weekly Marianne. Portrait of a monster who refuses to grow old and have offspring, it is also the proc s of Fanny N mirovsky: Old, old woman, as I test you!
November - New steps to obtain French naturalization, with the support of Ren Doumic, director of the Review of Two Worlds.
1936
Andr Sabatier leaves Grasset and becomes the owner of Ir ne N mirovsky at Albin Michel, as well as one of his most loyal friends. Gringoire offers him 50,000 francs for the serialized publication of his next book, The Prey, novel of learning and satire of political corruption.
March - Germany occupies the Rh nanie.
May - Exit from J zabel at Albin Michel. A woman has you. Why? (band).
June 5 - After the victory of the Popular Front, the socialist L on Blum is a member of the Council. the National Assembly, Xavier Vallat exclaims: For the first time, this old Gallo-Roman country will be governed by a Jew!
t - Holidays Urrugne. Ir ne N mirovsky hears the machine gun fire off the Spanish front. Composition of The Prey.
September - Pr face The postman always rings twice, by James Cain (Gallimard):
Here, no parations, no digressions, not a moment of r pit. Facts. Facts.�
Autumn - The name of Ir ne N mirovsky appeared in an anonymous anti-Semitic brochure, entitled Here are the real tres ma of France more than 800 names, under the heading crivains , among those of Andr Maurois, Benjamin Cr mieux, Julien Benda, Edmond Fleg, Pierre Paraf, Andr Spire, Joseph Kessel.
October 31 - Ren Doumic refuses to publish Fraternity , on the grounds that this news would be antis mite. His main character, a French Jew who is cultured and refined, from the big bourgeoisie, brutally becomes aware of his identity and the p ril that threatens him. In sum, I show the inassimilability. [ ] I know that it is true. (Work journals, 1936 / IMEC)
1937
5 February - Fraternity para t in Gringoire, whose political ditorials are part of the antis mitism, but to the literary pages of which she continues to contribute.
March 20 - Birth of a second daughter, named after Lisabeth, like her paternal grandmother, from a few weeks later, and L one, in memory of her maternal grandmother.
t - Vacances La Fert -Allais. Composition of Two, roman envisag d's 1934:
� it is the story of two very two, of a crazy, bad, unstable nature, that life, love, marriage perfect. (Work journals, 1934 / IMEC)
6 December - Finds her notebook as a young girl, in which she records her Crivain projects, notably three portraits of Jews: Blum, Stavisky, and Trotsky. Blum is for her the type of tribune despite him, the man whose life does not agree with his time rotate (Work journals, 1938 / IMEC).
1938
March 12 - Nazi Germany annexes Austria (Anschluss). What a different time we are living. The war, logically, seems all pr. (Work journals, 1938 / IMEC)
Spring - Exit from The Prey (Albin Michel). A Julien Sorel in times of crisis (publicit ).
April - bauche du Charlatan, r cit de l ascension d'un m decin immigr devenu escroc par n cessit . She works there until ao t.
21-24 April - First day known the H as travelers, Issy-l v that, at the borders of the Ni Vre and the Sa ne-et-Loire.
June 4 - I have reduced my worldly life to a minimum. I spend almost all my evenings at home reading and going to sleep. (The New Litt changes)
June 25 - In her work journal, she mentions her financial difficulties: � Days of anguish, of this anguish that money gives, when one doesn’t have any and yet one knows that one can gain some. A grudge against life. (IMEC) His author’s account is worth 65,000 francs.
t - Vacation Hendaye. Bed Katherine Mansfield. The house is being tufted; we are tufting in the sand. No desire to work, and, at the same time this obscure inqui tude (Work journals, 1938 / IMEC)
Undertakes a new novel, Children of the Night, the story of a family of Russian Jews yes, always! where there is a son who becomes Stav[isky]
(Work journals, 1938 / IMEC).
5 ao t - We have you happy, first of his food news , para t in Marie-Claire, magazine f minin directed by H l ne Gordon-Lazareff, the sister of her friend Mila.
19 ao t - Hopes (Gringoire), portraits of two Russian migrants living in Paris:
Ah, happy Fran ais! so calm, so happy!
September 30 - France, the United Kingdom,, Italy and Germany sign the Munich agreements.
November 9 - In Germany, the Kristallnacht marks a brutal escalation of the antis mitism
November 12 - In France, a constitutional law limits the accession of foreigners to French nationality and hardens the situation for immigrants.
November 23 - The Epstein d submit a new naturalization application to the police department. Despite the prestigious recommendations, this request will not succeed.
December - Ir ne and Michel Epstein undertake marches with a view to their conversion to Catholicism. On the 21st, advised by Roger Br Chard, whom she met in Auvergne, she wrote Bishop Vladimir Ghika (1873-1954), a Romanian familiar with the Parisian street circles, servant of the poor in the red zone of Villejuif.
1939
January 4 -March 15 - Give a series of six conferences Radio Paris, on the th me of Grandes romanci res trang res .
January 24 - Intuition of the title finitif of Children of the Night: The dogs and wolves caught between the flames of hell. (Work journals, 1939 / IMEC)
2 f vrier - Ir, Michel and their two daughters are baptized by Bishop Ghika in the chapel of the abbey of Sainte-Marie Paris, with Br Chard as godfather.
17 February - In I am everywhere, Robert Brasillach calls to deprive of the French nationality all Jewish, half-Jewish, quarter of a Jew .
March - Michel is seriously ill, a pneumonia misses the take. Bookstore release of Two, the first love novel by Ir ne N mirovsky (publicit ) , his best sales success since David Golder
March 15 - The German troops arrive in Soviet Russia and occupy the region of the South.
April - crit for the Broadcasting of a drama entitled Women of Paris, women of letters. »
April 21 - The Marchandeau decree punishes racist and anti-Semitic remarks.
May 18 - 24 August - Publication in serial form in Gringoire of the Charlatan, novel of immigration rebaptized Les chelles du Levant. Yes, all of you, who take me, rich Fran ais, happy Fran ais, what I wanted, it was your culture, your morals, your virtues, everything that is higher than me, different from me, different from the mud where I am n!
23 ao t - Signing of the German-Sovi tic non-aggression pact. Hendaye, the Epsteins savor the last hours of peace.
28 ao t - Albin Michel sends Ir ne N mirovsky a letter of recommendation
to the authorities and the press : � We are experiencing distressing hours at the moment that can become tragic overnight. Now, you are Russian and Isra lite, and [ ] I thought my testimony could be useful to you.
September 1st - The German troops invade Poland. Jean Vignaud tries to restart the procedure for naturalizing the Epstein lice, in vain.
September 3 - France and England declare war on Germany. By guarantee, Denise and Lisabeth are sent to Issy-l v at Mrs. Mitaine’s, the mother of C cile Michaud, nurse.
Until May 1940, Ir ne N mirovsky multiplies the round trips between Paris and Issy.
October-December - Give the radio of the conferences exalting the courage of the French. Thus, in November, a dramatic entitled Emilie Plater , vocation of the destiny of this young Polish woman who fought against each other, in 1831, for the freedom of her country .
October 11 - Dogs and Wolves begins to be serialized in Candide, weekly publication by Fayard printing more than 400,000 copies .
Undertake a Chekhov’s life who worked in 1946 at Albin Michel.
1940
January 1st - A no (Review of the Two Worlds), a new collection of memories from the Finnish Civil War (1918).
1st February - In Le Sortil ge � (Gringoire), the narrator, named Ir ne, shares childhood memories in a dacha on the outskirts of Kiev. But March - Day Issy-l v that.
Undertake a new novel, Young and Old, chronicle of a French family, from the first world war to the second. In short, my daughter, you want to do your little War and Peace! (Work journals, 1940 / IMEC)
Publication of The Dogs and the Wolves. � This novel is a story of Jews. I speak: not of French Jews, but of Jews from the East, from Ukraine or from Poland. [ ] I think that some Jews will recognize themselves in my characters. Maybe they will blame me? But I know that I say the v rit . This novel will be very how by the press.
May 10 - Offensive of the German troops on the Western Front. Goal of the Battle of France. Ir N mirovsky leaves to install Issy-l v only.
10 June - Michel, very weakened, abandons his position at the Bank of the Northern Countries to win Orl years.
June 14 - The German troops are shooting on the Champs-lys es. Issy-l v that, Ir N mirovsky is less than the massive exodus of the French towards the south of the country.
June 21 - Arrival of the German soldiers Issy-l v that.
June 22 - The Marchchal Philippe P tain, new representative of the Council, signs an armistice with Germany. A line of marking will appear on the
non-occupied zone e (south) of the occupied zone e (north), where is Issy-l v that.
June 25 - Radiodiffused speech of the mar chal P tain: A new order begins.July 1st - R opening of the Albin Michel divisions, under the direction of Robert Esm nard, son-in-law of the director.
10 July - A constitutional law abolishes the public R, institutes the French state and entrusts all powers to the Maréchal P tain, whose government is installed Vichy (Allier).
Mi-ao t - Michel Epstein is radi of his bank for abandonment of position.
27 ao t - Repeal of the Marchandeau d-law, which punished racial defamation through the press.
September 13 - Who are the measures announced against stateless persons, Ir N mirovsky crit P tain: I cannot believe, Mr. Le Mar Chal, that no distinction is made between the honorable foreigners and those who, if they are from France a royal hospital, are aware of having made all their efforts to meet.
October 3 - Publication of the Status of Jews, who are excluded from public service, the press, entertainment, education, and are likely to be interned in special camps.
4 October - Ir ne N mirovsky is not on the list of banned authors mentioned by Otto. Esm nard plans to publish Chekhov’s Life.
October 7 - Ir ne and Michel Epstein are listed as Jews the sub-fecture of Autun.
8 October - Jean Fayard breaks the contract that committed him to publish Young and Old in Candide, under the title of finitive The Goods of this world.
October 22 - Learns the death of the famous Br, on June 20, in the Vosges, from a bullet in the middle of your body. He will inspire the character of Philippe P ricand in French suite.
24 October - P tain meets Hitler Montoire. Purpose of the collaboration policy with Germany.
29 October - She is able to publish under a pseudonym. At times, unbearable anguish. Nightmare sensation. Do not believe it. Hope is naked and absurd. (Work journals, 1940 / IMEC)
November - Plans to write a novel about the Church and the Exodus of June 1940, provisionally titled Panic, or Temp te, on the mod le of The Monsoon (The Rains Came) by Louis Bromfield (1937). What fun it would be! From the train things are going, it would be posthumous works, but finally.
(Work journals, 1940 / IMEC)
Relit Tolsto, Pushkin and Lord Byron.
December - The news Fear and The Cards, sign es C. Michaud , are refused by the weekly Today.
December 5 - Destiny is para t under the pseudonym of Pierre N rey in Gringoire, become an openly Tainist and anti-mite. She s y sent like a dentelli re in the middle of the savages (Work journals, 1940 / IMEC).
11 December - Return from Syria of Andr Sabatier, who convinces Robert Esm nard to continue the payment of monthly advances of Ir ne N mirovsky in 1941, despite the d bit of his author’s account.
1941
March - Publication of the Journal rebours de Colette (Fayard). If that’s all she could get out of June, I’m at peace. (Work journals, 1941 / IMEC)
March 29 - Creation of a Commissariat for Jewish Questions, conferred by Xavier Vallat.
10 April-20 June - The Goods of this world, novel in said by a young woman, for you in serial form in Gringoire. April 26 - Freezing of the bank accounts of the Jews.
June 2 - Publication of a second Statute for the Jews, more restrictive, listing the proscribed third parties.
June 22 - Classification of the Barbarossa operation: the German army to be in Socialist Union. Fearing to be dead, Ir N mirovsky calls her service Julie Dumot, so that she takes care of Denise and Babet and serves as your name. She asks the notary, his intention, a letter-will giving him guardianship authority and authorizing him to all last re extr mit publish a novel that I may not have time to finish and which is called Temp te in June .
28 June - From the occupying troops stationed at Issy-l v that. I pity these poor children. But I cannot forgive individuals, those who push me away, those who coldly let us fall (Work journals, 1941 / IMEC)
Undertake a second step of Weather you in June and bauche Dolce, chronicle of the occupation of Issy-l v that and criticism of the spirit of the hive , that is to say nationalism or community destiny . Apparently, she undertakes a short novel, Heat of the blood (Deno l, 2006), a parabola on the gears of life located in the country of Issy-l v that.
8 ao t - The Unknown , new shout by a young woman , para t in Gringoire. In this pacifist fable, the German soldier’s name is Hohmann, like the lieutenant with whom Michel became the friend.
September 5 - The Returned (Gringoire), under the pseudonym Pierre N rey:
� That we are dr el made, all from me! Our weak memory only keeps the trace of happiness, so deeply marked at times that it seems like a wound.
September 19 - Fall of Kiev. In Ukraine, the Einsatzgruppen proc to the massive and systematic massacre of Jewish populations.
11 November - Installation of the Epsteins and Julie Dumot in a rental house equipped with a vegetable garden and an orchard. She undertakes a new novel in the vein of the Goods of this world, but more pessimistic: The fires of autumn, a chronicle of the interwar period that appeared in 1957 at Albin Michel.
1st of December - In the vision of a day in Paris, she received her manuscripts from the notary of Issy, including those of David Golder.
17 December - Julie Dumot signs an author’s contract with Albin Michel for two novels by Ir ne N mirovsky, of which The Goods of this world, who para tra in 1947.
No l - Denise and Lisabeth are spending the holidays C zac, in the Landes, with Julie.
1942
F vrier - Two and Dogs and Wolves are r imprim s by special authorization. Robert Esm nard announces the evidence of Chekhov’s Life. She writes the Kreiskommandantur of Autun to request the authorization of a day in Paris, in order to see her director. Bernard Grasset refusing her any support, she also requests the support of H l ne Morand.
27 February - L Fire , last new para tre in Gringoire, under the pseudonym of Pierre Nérey. Hector de Carbuccia will not publish Weather you in June, of which she hopes to have 50,000 francs. Her author’s account at Albin Michel is worth 120,000 francs. Michel Epstein stops paying his Parisian rent.
March - Rereading her notes from April 1940 regarding the composition of the Goods of this world, she is interested in seeing that she was then proving a tenderness sinc re and a little mocking for the French. Taking care to date it, she adds above this mention: hatred and m taken = March 1942 (Work journals, 1942 / IMEC).
On the fringe of Dolce, she records her notes on the state of France : My God! What is this country doing to me? Since it rejects me, let us coldly watch it lose its honor and its life.First bauches of Captivity (or Serfdom) , third part of the section of the Temp tes :
Me, I work on lava br lante. (Notes on Captivit )
16 April - President Pierre Laval, who was recalled to power in December 1940.24 April - It is necessary to make a sequence of Temp te, Dolce, Captivit. The subject of this French Sequel will be the struggle between individual destiny and community destiny.
( Notes on the State of France ).
4 May - In a letter from Andr Sabatier, she consid French continuation like
the main work of his life .
17 May - She urges Sabatier to publish The Fires of Autumn. The creative attitude of Horace de Carbuccia takes it to a new level state of bitterness, of weariness, of go t (Sabatier letter / IMEC).
May 29 - Ordinance requiring Jews to wear a yellow cloth. Only Lisabeth, aged less than six years, will not wear it. Mom told me that I was a Jew, the day we agreed to wear the yellow canvas. (Denise Epstein)
17 June - Seventeen of the twenty-two chapters of Dolce are achev s. She imagines the fate of her characters in Captivit, then in the two following volumes, Battles and Peace, which would see the triumph of individual destiny. The whole makes up a large volume of one thousand pages ( Notes on the state of France ).
July 1st - Paris, Theodor Dannecker and Adolf Eichmann plan the next part of the first six convoys of a thousand Jews from France to Auschwitz.
8 July - A second list Otto is obliged to remove from sale all the books of Jewish authors. A German ordinance prohibits Jews from the regulation of theaters and all public places.
July 11 - I have written a lot lately. I suppose they will be posthumous works, but it always makes time pass
(letter A. Sabatier / IMEC).
July 13 - Ir N mirovsky is arrested in the morning at his home in Issy-l v only and moves to the gendarmerie of Toulon-sur-Arroux, on the grounds of a general measure against stateless Jews aged 16 45.
July 15 - Arrival at the Pithiviers internment camp, in Loiret. Publication in the weekly Christian Mar Pr sent of his ultimate news, The Virgins , under the pseudonym Denise M rande: � Look at me. I am alone as you feel, but not from a chosen solitude, sought after, but from the worst solitude, humili e, am re, that of abandonment, of betrayal.
16-17 July - Paris, more than thirteen thousand Jews are gathered and gathered at the V Lodrome of Winter to be harboured. Among them, Paul Epstein, brother of Michel.
17 July - D leaves, 6:15 a.m., from convoy No. 6 of Pithiviers for Auschwitz, comprising 809 men and 119 women.
July 19 - Arrival of convoy no. 6 Auschwitz-Birkenau, around 7 PM.
July 27 - Following the request of H l ne Morand and the secretary of state Jacques Benoist-M chin, Michel writes a letter for Otto Abetz, ambassador of the Reich, pleading his wife’s cause. Andr Sabatier will not transmit it.
9 ao t - Michel learns that the interns of Pithiviers have been transported to eastern Poland or probably Russia.
12 ao t - Sabatier crit Michel Epstein: H las! I did everything I could.
19 ao t - It is not mirovsky of typhus, 15 h 20 according to the doubtful statements from the Auschwitz certificate, which mentions a flu.
8 October - Michel Epstein from the gue Julie has all authority over her daughters and crit Madeleine Avot-Cabour: Do not abandon the little ones if misfortune befalls them.
October 9 - Michel is behind and leads the Autun prefecture. He entrusts Denise and Lisabeth, by the suitcase containing French continuation (Deno l, 2004). Then he is taken to the prison of Le Creusot and transported illegally to the transit camp of Drancy, in Paris.
End of October - Two gendarmes and a militiaman feel the school of Issy to stop Denise and Lisabeth, who must flee Bordeaux with Julie Dumot.
November 6 - D leaves from convoy No. 42 of Drancy for Auschwitz. All its occupants will be arriving at their arrival; among them, Michel Epstein.
1943
Denise and Lisabeth are hiding under false names in a Catholic boarding school, then, from February 1944, at private homes.
23 February - The new one A beautiful marriage , returned in December 1941 by Gringoire, is published in Pr sent, under the name of Denise M rande.
May 10 - The name of Ir ne N mirovsky, which did not appear on the first two lists
Otto of the litt French-language works not sirables, appara t in the list of 739 Jewish Crivains of French language published in annex to the third list.
1944
24 ao t - Liberation of Paris.
1945
January - Liberation of the Auschwitz camp by the Jews.
F vrier - The ministry responsible for R fugi cannot obtain any information on the fate of the critics Robert Desnos, Benjamin Cr better, Ir ne N mirovsky
May 7 - The armistice is signed Reims. Gradual return of the port s. A family council, constituted by the Bank of the Northern Countries, the Society of People of Letters and Albin Michel provides for the schooling and education of the daughters of Ir ne Mirovsky, up to their majority. Lisabeth is placed with the Avot, Denise in a Catholic boarding school.
