chronology
by Olivier Philipponnat
1847
Birth, Odessa of Jonas Margoulis, nicknamed Iona. Maternal grandfather of Ir ne N mirovsky. He was the only one who spoke perfectly french. He said: "My little lane" by strongly pressing the last last syllable thus transform e.
(Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
1854
Birth: Ekaterinoslav de Rosa Shchedrovich, known as Bella, her grandmother’s mother. Poor woman, small, thin, slender [.] A face faint, like an old photograph, her features blurred, yellowed, with tears in her eyes.
(Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
1868
September 1 - Birth of Leonid Borisovich N mirovsky, nicknamed the Arab, like Pushkin, because of his complexion: his daughter Ir ne N mirovsky will write his name.
1875
Birth of Anna Margoulis, her mother, who will go by the name Fanny or Jeanne, the French one, and will have her civil status changed to make her twelve years younger. I find very well the image of my mother. Since it is dr. le that, until now, I cannot write this word without hatred. (Working Logs, 1934 / IMEC).
1902
Marriage of Anna Margoulis and Leonid N mirovsky.
1903
11 February - Birth of Irina Irma N mirovsky, Kiev, only daughter of Leonid N mirovsky and Anna Margoulis. She is nicknamed Irotchka, or Irinouchka. A French governess from about fifty years ago, Zela, will be responsible for her education: In my childhood, she felt the refuge, the light. [] I really loved her only in the world. (Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
1905
17 October - Following the evolutionary days, Nicholas II publishes the Manifesto which institutes the Duma of the Empire and guarantees the galit and civil liberties.
18 October - Anti-Jewish pogroms in Kiev and Odessa. Irina, an Orthodox cross on her neck, is suddenly a bed by the hand of Macha.
Until 1914, many s days: Paris, in the spa towns (Vichy, Divonne, Pyrénées, Vittel), on the French riviera (Cannes, Nice) and on the Basque coast (Biarritz). She reads War and Peace, the M morial de Saint-Hilé, Stendhal, Balzac, Maupassant.)
1911
V kills her in a suit from Sarah Bernhardt, she quotes the tirade of L Aiglon from Rostand, the charm of the French Home of Kiev, in front of Governor Soukhomlinov.
1912
Mendel Beiliss, a Jewish worker from Kyiv, is accused of the ritual murder of a Christian child. There is a wave of anti-Semitism in Russia.
1914
Installation of Mirovsky, Saint-Petersburg, capital of the Empire. Leonid, who had become an influential banker, approached government circles.
1st August - Germany declares war; Russia.
3 ao t - Germany declares war; France.
18 ao t - Saint-Pierre-Tersbourg is renamed Petrograd.
1917
F vrier - Journ is r evolutionary. Irina attends the great women’s demonstration (23 february), then the mock execution of dvornik Ivan, caretaker of his building.
Suicide of Z zelle, by drowning in the waters of the Neva. I no longer want to call her Z zelle, it’s too sacred. I’ll see. Miss Rose, it’s good too . (Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
March 20 - The provisional government of Prince Lvov abolished confessional restrictions imposed on Jews.
25 October - Bolshevik putsch. The Mirovsky brothers settled in Moscow, in an apartment under Lou, a knight-guard. Irina reads Huysmans, Maupassant, Oscar Wilde, Plato.
1918 January - The N mirovsky reach the village of Mustam ki (Iakovlevo), the Finnish fronti re.
April - Fleeing the fighting of the civil war, the N mirovsky reach the Finnish capital, Helsingfors. Irina reads Balzac, Dumas, Gautier and the modern French authors.
1919
Mars - The N mirovsky leave Helsingfors for the capital of Sweden, Stockholm.
July - Arrival at Rouen, in France, at the end of a period of ten days without a stopover, with an awful weather that I must remember in David Golder � (interview, The new readjusted lines, January 11, 1930) The Mirovsky boys move into a furnished apartment at 115 rue de la Pompe. I had a day in Paris as a child. Upon returning, I found the memories that were waiting for me. (Interview), Revue des deux mondes, 1936). She reads Proust, Larbaud, Chardonne, Maurois, Toulet, and les fr res Tharaud.
1920
November - The N mirovsky emm swim in a particular hour such as 18 avenue du Pr sident-Wilson. She is enrolled; the Sorbonne in Russian literature, reads Merejkovski, Balmont, and the Po tes of the Argent library. Runs the balls, bo tes and cabarets of Montmartre. I never took up the pleasures of youth, I traveled a lot, and much in! (Maintenance, Marianne, 13 February 1935)
1921
� the Sorbonne, Ir does not sympathize with Ren, Avot, son of a manufacturer from Pas-de-Calais, and with his sister Madeleine. Drive to Le Touquet, Deauville, Juan-les-Pins, Saint-Jean-de-Luz, Hendaye. First texts in French, a series of apophtegms, recorded in a black notebook: If happiness does not exist, there is at least one opposite that is quite accurate here below; cr er. (Notebook / IMEC)
1st August - Le magazine gai Fantasio publishes one of the four comic dialogues written by Ir ne N mirovsky, Nonoche in the extra-lucid (in dit). This sayn is sign e, Topsy, from the nickname given to her by her English governess, Mrs. Matthews.September - Inscription: la Sorbonne in a Russian literature degree.
1922
Moved to France from his maternal grandparents.
July - Obtains his certificate of higher practical studies in Russian language and literature, with honors.
28 October - Litt rature inscription compar e, la Sorbonne. Follows the courses of Fernand Baldensperger and Fortunat Strowski.
1923
Ir is twenty years old: She seemed to be stopped in her growth and kept a fragile and delicate child’s body for twenty years. (Papers / IMEC)
He moved his daughter to a brood at 24, rue Boissi. His neighbor was the acad micien, Henri de R gnier (1864-1936), a novelist who noisily invited his friends there.
1924
May 9 - Publication in Le Matin de La Niania, representation of the Autumn Flies.
July 10 - Obtains his certificate of higher studies in literature, especially in the field.
28 October - France officially recognized the USSR. The Russian exiles lasted until January 1925 to proclaim nationalism.
December 31 - Meet Michel Epstein on the New Year’s eve.
1925
Mars - Obtains his certificate of higher studies in Russian philology, with honors, very well.
1926
F vrier - The Misunderstanding, her first novel, was published in the monthly Free works (Fayard); he tells the story of heartfelt love, from an office job and a rich idle woman:
Ah, love is a feeling of luxury, my ch rie
to create the first version of David Golder, r cit of exile and the return of a married Jewish-Russian migrant couple, a taphora of their family history.
July 31 - Civil marriage with Michel Epstein, the town hall of the 16th arrondissement, a religious residence, the synagogue on Rue Th ry (now Rue de Montevideo).
1927
April - The Child is born, great news in the said, from Les uvres libres; she makes us listen to the unconscious sound of sad Jewish songs, coming from deep inside the heart like a huge sob.
1928
July - L Ennemie, his second novel, was written under the pseudonym of Pierre Nerey, anagram of Ir ne, in Free works.
1929
F vrier - The Ball, news in said, crite, between two chapters by David Golder, written under the pseudonym of Pierre Nerey in Free works. Like L'Ennemie, it is the secret of a revenge, that of a young girl who has been abandoned by her mother, an arrived woman.
September - Address the manuscript of David Golder Andr; Foucault, the chief editor of free works, which requires cuts.
October - Bernard Grasset (1881-1955) made newspaper advertisements to find the author of David Golder, who addressed him under the name of d Epstein. It is more likely to be a matter of publication.
November 9 - Birth of Denise Epstein. Two or three weeks after the delivery, Nii Mirovsky felt at the Grasset divisions.
December 7 - The first copies of David Golder are out of the press. Bernard Grasset compares the novel to Balzac’s P re Goriot and publishes a communiqué: Here is a work that, in my opinion, must go very far.
1930
January 10 - Andr, Th rive, in Time, gives the tuning fork of criticism: We should not doubt it, David Golder is a masterpiece. The novel meets a flamboyant success. André Maurois compares its author, Proust, and Gaston de Pawlowski, Tolsto. Henri de R gnier greets, a very special talent, (Le Figaro, January 28). Gaston Ch rau and Roland Dorgel sponsored the candidacy of Ir ne Nmirovsky La Soci t, people of letters.
F vrier-mars - The right-wing press wants to believe that David Golder is a pamphlet:
Alone, a Jewess could write about the Jewish folly of gold, an article as terrible and as clairvoyant. (Andr, Billy, The Woman of France) Part of the press
isra lite fustige David Golder, figure of the Jew for moth protection (Pierre Paraf, Jewish illustration). Ir ne N mirovsky, who admitted to having written a social satire, will always split from any realization: � Are the bourgeois of the Marais thinking about identifying with the people in the middle of Francis Carco? Why then do the French Isra lites want to end up in David Golder ? The disproportion is the same. (Interview, L Univers isra lite, July 5, 1935)
Ao t - Grasset republishes Le Bal, a news story that he feels is like the new novel by Ir ne N mirovsky. Criticism is due to its slenderness and perversity; of his h ro ne. Paul Reboux greets everyone of my heart, a jewel, and announces the arrival of a new Colette (Paris-Soir, 13 ao t).
October - Julien Duvivier shoots the adaptation of David Golder, his first talking movie. The title is held by Harry Baur. Ir n mirovsky should postpone her request for French naturalization, for fear that it will make it easier for her to receive the Goncourt Prize and will tarnish the truth of her success.
1931
January 14 - Death of Iona Margoulis, who will be buried in the Jewish carr of the Re-Lather.
March 6 - First socialite of the great film by Duvivier, the lily and Gaumont, on the Champs-Lys es, with many characters: Colette, Maurice Ravel, Paul Morand, etc.
May - The Autumn Flies, or the Woman of another faiths para t at the owner Simon Kra’s, in the collection Women. This nostalgic memory of the Russian migration is an intimate tribute, Z zelle.
July - Film by, First attempt at a character’s theory, written in Les œuvres libres.
September 11 - Screening at the Gaumont-Palace of the singing film Le Bal, adapt by Wilhelm Thiele. The film is directed by thirteen-year-old mother, Danielle Darrieux.
December - Grasset resumes The Flies of autumn, thus salu by Robert Brasillach: � Mrs. Nemirovski has made the immense Russian language appear in a French form []. We will read it and keep this book, the po sie of which is so moving and so true. (French action, January 7)
1932
May 18 - Death of Rosa Margoulis, who became almost blind.
June - The sc nario La Com die bourgeoise para t in Free works.
September 16 - Death of L on N mirovsky, Nice, from a moptysy crisis. It was at the Belleville scimitar. October – Yesterday, the recovery of The Courilof case, novel; terrorist; undertaken during the t: What a slaughterhouse, a revolution! Is it worth it?
December - Undertakes a new novel, The Pawn on the board, chronicle of a suicide and sociological parable about the misdiction of work. On the 30th, The Courilof case para t in serial form in The Annals policies and tie-wraps.
1933
January 30 - Adolf Hitler is now the Chancellor of Germany.
May -L Courilof case, d di; Michel Epstein, para t in volume at Grasset. The author recognized how to draw inspiration from personal memories and insights into the p riode pr r volution, notably My life as Trotsky.
A youth in September (Revue de Paris), the masterpiece of Ir ne N mirovsky, as perfect as a short story by Chekhov, according to Robert Brasillach (French action, 30 May 1934).
September - bauche le plan de l'autobiography mal guis d'e, que sera The Wine of Solitude, provisionally entitled The Kern Family . A pleasant pass, palpitating and bleeding, isn’t that worth all the imagination?
(Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
October 24 - Signs an exclusive contract for twenty years with Albin Michel (1873-1943), at a rate of 4,000 francs per month.
8 December - Nativit transposition of a memory from Mustam ki, para t in Gringoire, a political and literary weekly directed by Horace de Carbuccia
(1891-1975) and shooting; 250,000 copies.
1934
January-March - Dramatic criticism for the daily newspaper Today, she is strongly impressed by The Races by Ferdinand Brckner, at the end of the work, a chronicle of Austrian antis mitism which r v the one who has a mind terribly inwhich so much for the neighbors of a people o sadism, pride and cruelty are thus glorified s (March 10).
6 February - unparliamentary packs at Place de la Concorde, following
the Stavisky case
May - Exit from the Pawn on the board (Albin Michel). I continue, painting the society that I know best and which consists of people from Saxony, out of the middle, from the country where they would normally have been [].
May 30 - Robert Brasillach of Molit The Pawn on the board : The entire address of Crivain does not reach, masking the void in the subject and the book. [] Perhaps the author of David Golder shouldn’t she write novels. (French action) Ir ne N mirovsky feels from seed to seed, without courage, without hope, unhappy as possible (Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
July 3 - D is going on vacation, Urrugne, then Hendaye. Action of the Wine of solitude.
1935
January - Proofreading of the evidence from Wine of solitude, who will be in line with the Ball (interview, Marianne, 13 February 1935).
F vrier - , Ida , Film parl, Les Fum es du vin and La Com die bourgeoise are reproduced in a volume of the collection Renaissance of the news (Gallimard) directed by the diplomat and novelist Paul Morand (1888-1976), under the title Films by s. The critic is not convinced by these essays on scientific criteria.
F vrier-mai - Chronicle of English literature, literature and science in The weekly review (Plon). Strong impression, reading of the Forty Days of the Mussa Dagh by Franz Werfel, chronicle of the German enemy.
July 5 - In an interview, let’s The Universe isra lite, Ir ne N mirovsky acknowledged his wrongs ( It is all, certain that if there had been Hitler, I would have greatly softened David Golder � ) and s'fend : Every time I have had the opportunity, I have kept it. That I am a Jew, I have proclaimed it to me! I am much too far gone to have ever sung, to disown him.
Ao t - The Wine of Solitude is released in volume at Albin Michel. This novel is one of those that we wrote in our hearts long before writing them down on paper []. (Sequana, ao t 1935)
30 September - Denise Epstein acquires the nationality of France.
October 2 - J zabel, Esquiss ; in 1934, he appeared as a serial in the weekly Marianne. Portrait of a monster who refuses to grow old and have descendants, it is also the proc s of Fanny N mirovsky: Old, old woman, how I test you! '
November - New steps to obtain French naturalization, with the support of Ren Doumic, director of the Revue des Deux Mondes.
1936
Andr; Sabatier leaves Grasset and becomes the director of Albin Michel’s business, as well as one of his most loyal friends. Gringoire offers him 50,000 francs for the serial publication of his next book, The Prey, novel of learning and satire of political corruption.
Mars - Germany occupies the Rh nanie.
May - Exit from J zabel at Albin Michel’s. A woman has you. Why? (band).
June 5 - After the victory of the Popular Front, the socialist L on Blum was appointed by the Council. The national assembly, Xavier Vallat exclaimed: For the first time, this old Gallo-Roman country will be ruled by a Jew!
t - Vacances, Urrugne. Ir ne N mirovsky hears the machine gun fire from the front of the Spanish army. Composition The Prey.
September - Pr face The postman always rings twice, by James Cain (Gallimard):
Here, no parations, no digressions, not a moment of truth. Facts. Facts.�
Autumn - The name of Ir ne N mirovsky appeared in an anonymous anti-mite brochure, entitled e Here are the real ones from France More than 800 names, under the heading Crivains, among those of Andr, Maurois, Benjamin Cr better, Julien Benda, Edmond Fleg, Pierre Paraf, Andr, Spire, Joseph Kessel.
October 31 - Ren, Doumic refuses to publish , Fraternity , on the grounds that this news would be, antis mite. His main character, a French-born Jew from the upper middle class, brutally becomes aware of his identity and of the p ril that threatens him. In short, I show the inassimilability. [] I know it is true. (Work logs, 1936 / IMEC)
1937
5 f vrier - Fraternity, para t in Gringoire, whose political positions are currently being discussed, the anti-mitism, but to which she continues to contribute to the written text.
March 20 - Birth of a second daughter, named after Elizabeth, like her granddaughter, whose father was born a few weeks later, and Lisabeth, in memory of her maternal grandmother.
t - Vacances, La Fert-Allais. Composition of Two, novel envisag; from 1934:
� It is the story of two very, crazy, evil, unstable people whom life, love, and marriage perfect. (Work logs, 1934 / IMEC)
December 6 - Finds her girl’s notebook, in which she records her projects of crivain, including three portraits of Jews: Blum, Stavisky and Trotsky. Blum is for her the type of the tribune, despite him, the man whose life does not agree with his temp rament . (Work logs, 1938 / IMEC).
1938
March 12 - Nazi Germany annexed Austria (Anschluss). What a long time we are living, war, logically, seems to be everything pr. s. (Work logs, 1938 / IMEC)
Spring - Exit from The Prey (Albin Michel). A Julien Sorel from times of crisis (publicit).
April - bauche du Charlatan, r cit of the rise of an immigrant from Decin who has become a swindler. She works there until now.
April 21-24 - First known day: the H, like travelers, Issy-l v, on the borders of the Ni vre and the Sa ne-et-Loire.
June 4 - I at least followed my social life. I spend almost all my evenings at home, reading and reading, reading. (The new lines are gone)
June 25 - In her work diary, she mentions her difficult financing: � Days of anguish, of that anguish that money gives, when you don’t have any and yet you know that you can earn some. A grudge against life. (IMEC) His author’s account is worth 65,000 francs.
t - Vacances, Hendaye. Read Katherine Mansfield. We tuft the house; we tuft in the sand. We don’t feel like working, and in my time this obscure inqui tude (Work logs, 1938 / IMEC)
Undertakes a new novel, Children of the Night, the story of a family of Russian Jews, yes, always! o, there is a son who becomes Stav[isky]
(Work Logs, 1938 / IMEC).
5 ao t - We are happy, first of his food news , para t dans Marie-Claire, magazine f minin dirig; by H l Gordon-Lazareff, the sister of her friend Mila.
19 ao t - Hopes, (Gringoire), portraits of two Russian migrants living there ; Paris:
Ah, happy Fran ais! so calm, so happy!
September 30 - France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Germany signed the Munich Agreement.
November 9 - In Germany, the Nuit de Cristal marks a brutal escalation of antis mitism
November 12 - In France, a constitution limits the access of transnationals to nationality and hardens the situation of those able to benefit.
November 23 - The Epsteins submit a new naturalization application to the police department. Unfortunately for the prestigious recommendations, this request will not succeed.
December - Ir ne and Michel Epstein undertook marches in preparation for their conversion to Catholicism. On the 21st, advised by the bishop Roger Charles whom she met in Auvergne, she met Mgr Vladimir Ghika (1873-1954), a Romanian who was familiar with the Parisian straight circles, servant of the poor in the red zone of Villejuif.
1939
January 4 -15 March - Gives a series of six configurations Radio Paris, on the th me of Grandes romanci res, trang res .
January 24 - Intuition of the title of the final part of Enfants de la nuit: The dogs and wolves caught between the flames of hell. (Work logs, 1939 / IMEC)
2 February - Ir, Michel and their two daughters were baptized by Mgr Ghika, the chapel of the Abbaye Sainte-Marie, and Paris, with Bernard as godfather.
17 February - In I am everywhere, Robert Brasillach calls, to deprive of the nationality, France any Jew, half-Jew, quarter of a Jew...
Mars - Michel is seriously ill, a case of pneumonia is missing. Released in bookstores by Two, the first love novel by Ir ne N mirovsky (publicit), his best sales success since David Golder.
March 15 - German troops entered Czechoslovakia and occupied the region of the South.
Avril - Crit for the broadcasting of a drama entitled Women of Paris, women of letters. »
April 21 - The d-loi Marchandeau sanctions racist and anti-s moths remarks.
May 18 - August 24 - Serialization in Gringoire of the Charlatan, novel of immigration renamed Les chelles du Levant. Yes, all of you who have taken me, rich Fran, happy Fran, what I wanted was your culture, your morals, your virtues, everything that is higher than me, different from me, different from mud where I am n!
23 ao t - Signing of the German-Sovi tic non-aggression pact. Hendaye, the Epsteins are enjoying the last hours of peace.
28 ao t - Albin Michel sends a letter of recommendation to Ir ne N mirovsky
For the authorities and the press: � We are currently living in distressing hours that can become tragic overnight. Now, you, your Russian and Isra Lite, and [] I thought that my message could be useful to you.
September 1 - The German troops invade Poland. Jean Vignaud tries to restart the process of naturalizing the Epstein lice, in vain.
September 3 - France and England declared war; Germany. On behalf of Mrs. Mitaine, Denise and Lisabeth are sent to her home by the mother of Cile Michaud, a nanny.
Until May 1940, Ir ne N mirovsky multiplies the round trips between Paris and Issy.
October-December - Donne, the radio conference that extols the courage of the French. Thus, in November, a drama entitled e Emilie Plater , vocation of the destiny of this young Pole who fought against the odds, in 1831, for the freedom of her country.
October 11 - Dogs and Wolves begins, published in serial form in Candide, weekly of the Fayard publications, printing more than 400,000 copies .
Undertakes a Chekhov’s Life who worked in 1946 at Albin Michel.
1940
January 1st - , A no;(Revue des Deux Mondes), a new collection of memories from the Finnish Civil War (1918).
1st February - In Le Sortil ge � (Gringoire), the narrator, named Ir ne, shares childhood memories in a dacha on the outskirts of Kiev. Goal March - Day, Issy-l v only.
Undertakes a new novel, Young and Old, chronicle of a French family, from the First World War to the second. In short, my daughter, you want to do your little War and Peace! (Work logs, 1940 / IMEC)
Publication of Dogs and Wolves. � This novel is a story about Jews. I would like to know: not French Jews, but Jews from the East, Ukraine, or Poland. [] I think that some Jews will recognize themselves in my characters. Maybe I will be angry with them? But I know I say the same thing . This novel will be very how by the press.
May 10 - Offensive by German troops on the Western Front. Purpose of the Battle of France. Ir N mirovsky left to settle down, Issy-l only.
June 10 - Michel, very weak, abandons his post: the Bank of the Northern Countries to win Orl years.
June 14 - The German troops are heading for the Champs-Lys. Issy-l v that, Ir N mirovsky is less than the massive exodus of the French towards the south of the country.
June 21 - Arrival of the German soldiers, Issy-l v that.
June 22 - Marchchal Philippe Petain, the new representative of the Council, signs an armistice with Germany. A line of demarcation will be marked on the
The non-occupied area (south) of the occupied area (north) is located at Issy-l v que.
June 25 - Radio-broadcast speech from the master P tain: A new order begins. .July 1st - R opening of the Albin Michel division, under the direction of Robert Esm nard, son-in-law of the director.
July 10 - A constitutional law abolishes the public interest, institutes French state power, and entrusts all powers to the government of France, whose government is installed in Vichy (Allier).
Mi-ao t - Michel Epstein is radish from his bank for abandoning his position.
27 ao t - Repeal of the Marchandeau d-law, which penalized racial defamation through the press.
September 13 - Who are the measures announced against stateless persons, Ir ne N mirovsky, crit; P tain: I cannot believe, Mr. Le Mar Chal, that no distinction is made between those who are able to be recognized and the honorable citizens who, if they are from France a royal hospital, are aware of having made all their efforts for the establishment.
October 3 - Publication of the status of Jews, who are excluded from public service, the press, entertainment, and education, and are likely to be interned in special camps.
October 4 - Ir ne N mirovsky is not on the Otto list, mentioning the banned authors. Esm nard is considering the publication of Chekhov’s Life.
October 7 - Ir ne and Michel Epstein are listed as Jews, the sub-prefecture of Autun.
8 October - Jean Fayard breaks the contract that committed him, publish Young and Old in Candide, under the final title The Goods of this World.
October 22 - Learns the death of a soldier, on June 20, in the Vosges, from a bullet in the middle of you. He will inspire the character of Philippe P ricand in Following fran aise.
October 24 - One meets Hitler, Montoire. The purpose of the policy of collaboration with Germany.
October 29 - She is sorry; publish under a pseudonym. At times, unbearable anguish. A sense of nightmare. Don’t believe it; the truth. Hope is naked and absurd. (Work logs, 1940 / IMEC)
November - Plans to write a novel about the Church and the Exodus of June 1940, provisionally entitled Panic, or Temp te, on the mod of La Mousson The Rains Came by Louis Bromfield (1937). What a lot of fun it would be! A train ride, are things going well, that would be posthumous works, but anyway...
(Work logs, 1940 / IMEC)
Rereads Tolsto, Pushkin and Lord Byron.
December - The news Fear and The Cards, sign es, C. Michaud, are refused by the weekly Today.
December 5 - Destiny is para t under the pseudonym of Pierre N rey in Gringoire, who has become an openly Tainist and anti-Smite. She s y sent, like a dentelli re in the midst of the savages (Work logs, 1940 / IMEC).
December 11 - Return from Syria of Andr and Sabatier, who convinced Robert Esnard to continue paying the monthly advances for Ir ne Mirovsky in 1941, despite the fact that his author’s account was still open.
1941
Mars - Publication of the Journal, rebours de Colette (Fayard). If that’s all she could get out of June, I’m at peace. (Work logs, 1941 / IMEC)
March 29 - Creation of a Commissioner for Jewish Affairs, confi. Xavier Vallat.
10 April-20 June - The Goods of this world, a novel told by a young woman, was serialized in Gringoire. 26 avril - Freezing of the bank accounts of the Jews.
June 2 - Publication of a second, more restrictive, Statute of the Jews, listing the proscribed third parties.
June 22 - D clenchement of the Barbarossa operation: the German army is in Sovi tic Union. Fearing to be dead, Ir ne N mirovsky calls his service Julie Dumot, so that she can take care of Denise and Babet, and serves him as his name. She asks the notary, her intention, a letter-will giving her guardianship authority and authorizing it by all of late re extr mit publish a novel that I may not have time to finish and whose name is Temp te in June.
June 28 - From the stationary occupation troops, Issy-l v only. I pity these poor children. But I cannot forgive the individuals, those who reject me, those who coldly let us down (Work logs, 1941 / IMEC)
Undertakes a second activity of Temp te in June and bauche Dolce, chronicle of the occupation of Issy-l v and criticism of the the spirit of the hive , that is to say, nationalism or community destiny . By the way, she is undertaking a short novel, Heat of the blood (Deno l, 2006), a parable on the gasses of life in the country of Issy-l v que.
8 ao t - , The Unknown , new, cries by a young woman, para t dans Gringoire. In this pacifist tale, the German soldier’s name is Hohmann, like the lieutenant with whom Michel became his friend.
September 5 - The Returned (Gringoire), under the pseudonym Pierre N rey:
� That we are made, doctor, everything from me! Our feeble memory only keeps the trace of happiness, so deeply marked at times that it seems like an injury.
September 19 - Fall of Kiev. In Ukraine, the Einsatzgruppen carried out a massive systematic massacre of Jewish populations.
November 11 - Installation of the Epsteins and Julie Dumot in a rental house equipped with a vegetable garden and an orchard. There, she began a new novel in the vein of The Good of this World, but more pessimistic: The autumn fires, a chronicle of the interwar period that appeared in 1957 in Albin Michel.
1st of December - In a recent vision, she found her manuscripts at the notary of Issy, including those of David Golder.
December 17 - Julie Dumot signs an author’s contract with Albin Michel for two novels by Ir ne N mirovsky, including The Goods of this world, who parpara tra in 1947.
No l - Denise and Lisabeth are spending the holidays; C zac, in the Landes, with Julie.
1942
F vrier - Two and Dogs and Wolves are r imprim, by special authorization. Robert Esm nard announces the proofs of Chekhov’s Life. She asked the Kreiskommandantur of Autun to request authorization from one day, Paris, in order to see her publisher. Bernard Grasset refusing her any support, she also requests the support of H ne l Morand.
27 February - , L Fire , last news, para tre in Gringoire, under the pseudonym of Pierre Nérey. Hector de Carbuccia will not publish Temp te in June, of which she hopes to get 50,000 francs. Her author’s account at Albin Michel is worth 120,000 francs. Michel Epstein stops paying his Parisian rent.
Mars - Rereading her notes from April 1940 regarding the composition of the Goods of this world, she is surprised to see that she was then proving a , sinc and a bit mocking tenderness for the French. Taking care to date it, she adds above this mention: hatred and m taken = March 1942 (Work Logs, 1942 / IMEC).
On the margins of Dolce, she records her notes ; on the State of France ; My God, what is this country doing to me? Since it rejects me, let’s coldly watch it lose its honor and its life.First retreats of Capacity (or Serfdom), troisi me shutter of the, s rie des Temp tes :
I work on lava br lante. (Notes on Power)
April 16 - President Pierre Laval, in December 1940, was recalled to power.April 24 - You have to do a sequence of Temp te, Dolce, Captivit. The subject of this French Suite will be the struggle between individual destiny and community destiny.
(Notes sur l tat de la France).
May 4 - In a letter to Andr and Sabatier, she states Following fran aise like
the main work of his life
May 17 - She is pressing Sabatier to publish The Autumn Fires. The reaction of Horace de Carbuccia takes things to a new level, his As of bitterness, of weariness, of going t (letter, Sabatier / IMEC).
May 29 - Ordinance requiring Jews to wear a yellow cloth. Only Lisabeth, g e under six years old, will not wear it.. Mom told me that I was Jewish, on the day when we had the obligation to wear the yellow canvas. (Denise Epstein)
June 17 - Seventeen of the twenty-two chapters of Dolce are achev s. She imagines the fate of her characters in Captivit, then in the two following volumes, Batailles and La Paix, which would see the ́ triumph of individual destiny. All of this comprises a large volume of one thousand pages ́ (Notes sur l tat de la France ).
July 1st - Paris, Theodor Dannecker and Adolf Eichmann are planning the next part of the first six convoys of a thousand Jews from France to Auschwitz.
July 8 - A second, Otto list, which makes it mandatory to remove from sale all the books of Jewish authors. A German ordinance prohibits Jews from purchasing theaters and any public places.
July 11 - I have had a lot lately. I suppose these will be posthumous works, but it always passes the time.
(letter, A. Sabatier / IMEC).
July 13 - Ir Nmirovsky was arrested in the morning by his home in Issy-l and moved by the gendarmerie of Toulon-sur-Arroux, on the grounds of a measure taken against stateless Jews aged 16, 45.
July 15 - Arrival at the Pithiviers internment camp, in Loiret. Publication in the weekly Christian Mar Pr sent of his latest news, The Virgins , under the pseudonym Denise M rande: � Look at me. I am alone like you; I feel, but not from a chosen solitude, sought after, but from the worst loneliness, humili e, am re, that of abandonment, of betrayal.
July 16-17 - Paris, more than thirteen thousand Jews are gathered and gather at the V lodrome d Hiver to be transported. Among them is Paul Epstein, fr re de Michel.
July 17 - Left, at 6:15 am, convoy no. 6 from Pithiviers to Auschwitz, comprising 809 men and 119 women.
July 19 - Arrival of convoy no. 6, Auschwitz-Birkenau, around 7 p.m.
July 27 - Regarding H l ne Morand and the sectaire d'tat Jacques Benoist-M chin, Michel wrote a letter to Otto Abetz, ambassador of the Reich, pleading his wife’s cause. Andr; Sabatier will not forward it.
9 ao t - Michel learns that the Pithiviers interns have: t, transported; towards the East; probably Poland or Russia.
12 ao t - Sabatier, crit, Michel Epstein: H las! I did everything I could.
19 ao t - Before the outbreak of typhus, at 3:20 p.m. according to the questionable reports in the Auschwitz certificate, which mentions a flu.
8 October - Michel Epstein d'gue, Julie tout autorit, on her daughters et, crit, Madeleine Avot-Cabour : Do not abandon the little ones if something bad happens to them.
9 October - Michel is behind and leads the pr fecture of Autun. He entrusts to Denise and Lisabeth, by the way, the suitcase containing Following fran aise (Deno l, 2004). Then he is taken to the prison of Le Creusot and transferred to the transit camp of Drancy, in Paris.
End of October - Two gendarmes and a militiaman are feeling: the Issy Cole for Denise and Lisabeth, who have to flee, Bordeaux with Julie Dumot.
November 6 - D leaves from convoy no. 42 at Drancy for Auschwitz. All its occupants will be gassed at their arrival; among them, Michel Epstein.
1943
Denise and Lisabeth are under false names in a Catholic boarding school, then, starting from Friday 1944, with private individuals.
23 February - The new one A beautiful marriage , back in December 1941 by Gringoire, is published in Pr sent, under the name Denise M rande.
May 10 - The name of Ir ne N mirovsky, which did not appear on either of the first lists
Otto, some litt. works that are not authentic French, appear in the list of 739 Jewish crivans in the French language, published as an appendix to the third list.
1944
24 ao t - Lib ration de Paris.
1945
January - Lib ration, from the Auschwitz camp by the Sovi ticks.
F vrier - The R fugi’S ministry cannot obtain any information about the fate of the crivains Robert Desnos, Benjamin Cr better, Ir ne N mirovsky
May 7 - The armistice is signed at Reims. Gradual return of the ports. A family council, constituted by the Bank of the Northern Countries, the Society of the People of Letters, and Albin Michel provides for it; he enrolls her in school; and the education of the daughters of Nimirovsky, until their majority. Lisabeth is placed with the Avots, Denise in a Catholic boarding school.
