The Jews of Russia, from the tsars to the massacre of Babi Yar Alexandre Dolgorouky and Antoine Casubolo Ferro

Joseph Stalin and Baron Joachim von Ribbentrop shaking hands,
during the German-Soviet pact,
Berlin. Germany, August 1939. MSH.

Whereas at the end of the 19th century more than half of the world’s Jews (nearly 5 million) lived in the Tsarist Empire, this space was emptied of its Jews by the massacres that accompanied the civil war and those perpetrated during the Second World War, but also by a continuous migratory movement.